Sains Malaysiana 52(8)(2023): 2251-2266

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2023-5208-07

Kesan Kaedah Pengeringan Berbeza terhadap Ciri Fizikokimia, Kandungan Fenol dan Aktiviti Antioksida Daun Galak Tua (Stemona curtisii)

(Effects of Different Drying Methods on Physicochemical Characteristics, Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity of Galak Tua Leaves (Stemona curtisii))

TAN HUI KIANG¹ & HASLANIZA HASHIM^1,2,*

¹Jabatan Sains Makanan, Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

²Pusat Inovasi dan Teknologi Manisan (MANIS), Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

Diserahkan: 7 Mac 2023/Diterima: 21 Julai 2023

Abstrak

Stemona curtisii, atau pokok Galak Tua berpotensi dalam memberikan manfaat kesihatan, perubatan serta sebagai racun perosak. Matlamat kajian ini adalah untuk menentukan kesan kaedah pengeringan yang berbeza (ketuhar, ketuhar gelombang mikro dan sinaran matahari) terhadap ciri fizikokimia, kandungan fenol dan aktiviti antioksida daun S. curtisii. Pengeringan ketuhar dijalankan pada suhu 40°C, 50°C dan 60°C selama 4.5-7 jam.  Pengeringan ketuhar gelombang mikro pula menggunakan kuasa output 540 W, 720 W dan 900 W selama 3-5 minit. Bagi pengeringan matahari, daun dikeringkan di bawah sinaran matahari pada julat suhu 25-37°C. Hasil kajian menunjukkan pengeringan ketuhar gelombang mikro merupakan kaedah yang paling berkesan untuk mengeringkan daun S. curtisii berbanding kaedah pengeringan yang lain. Pengeringan ketuhar gelombang mikro 900 W mendatangkan perubahan warna (ΔE) dan peningkatan nilai pH yang minimum secara signifikan (p<0.05) terhadap daun S. curtisii. Dapatan kajian telah menunjukkan pengeringan ketuhar gelombang mikro 900 W menghasilkan nilai jumlah kandungan fenol (TPC) dan nilai penurunan kuasa ferik (FRAP) tertinggi (p<0.05) pada daun S. curtisii. Pengeringan ketuhar gelombang mikro pada ketiga-tiga kuasa menunjukkan nilai DPPH dan ABTS yang lebih tinggi (p<0.05) daripada kaedah pengeringan yang lain. Kajian menunjukkan korelasi positif yang signifikan (p<0.05) antara kandungan fenol dengan aktiviti antioksida daun S. curtisii. Kesimpulannya, ketuhar gelombang mikro 900 W adalah paling sesuai untuk pengeringan daun S. curtisii dengan ia menghasilkan ciri fizikokimia, kandungan fenol dan aktiviti antioksida yang lebih baik berbanding kaedah pengeringan yang lain.

Kata kunci: Antioksida; daun Galak Tua (Stemona curtisii); fizikokimia; kaedah pengeringan; Stemonaceae

Abstract

Stemona curtisii or known as Galak Tua is well-known due to its benefit to health, medicine and as a pesticide. This study was aimed to determine the effect of different drying methods (oven, microwave and sun) on the physicochemical properties, phenolic content and antioxidant activities of S. curtisii leaves. Oven drying was used to dry the S. curtisii leaves at temperatures of 40 °C, 50 °C and 60 °C for 4.5-7 hours. For microwave drying, the output power was 540 W, 720 W and 900 W for 3-5 min. For sun drying, the leaves were dried under direct sunlight in the temperature range of 25-37 °C. Results showed that microwave oven drying is the most effective method for drying S. curtisii leaves compared to other drying methods studied. Microwave oven drying at 900 W caused a minimal colour change (ΔE) and smaller increase in pH value significantly (p<0.05) to S. curtisii leaves. Studies have shown that microwave oven drying at 900 W gave the highest total phenolic content (TPC) (56.94 ± 0.34 mg GAE/g) and ferric reducing power (FRAP) (1.39 ± 0.04 mg AEAC/g) values significantly (p<0.05) in S. curtisii leaves. Furthermore, microwave oven drying at all three powers showed significantly higher DPPH and ABTS values (p<0.05) compared to the other drying methods. There was a significant positive correlation (p<0.05) between phenolic content and antioxidant activity of S. curtisii leaves for different drying methods. Hence, it was concluded that microwave oven at 900 W is the most suitable for drying S. curtisii leaves, where it yielded better physicochemical properties, phenolic content and antioxidant activities than other methods.

Keywords: Antioxidant activity; drying methods; physicochemical; Stemonaceae; Stemona curtisii leaves

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: haslaniza@ukm.edu.my